Printing yarns for the manufacture of tapestry



NFETERSl FHOTO-LlTHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON, D C.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT orricn.v

ANDREW HARTMAN, OF CLAPPVILLE, MASSACHUSETTS.

PRINTING YARNS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TAPESTRY.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 5,688, dated August 1, 1848.

To aZZ whom t may concern Be it known that I, ANDREW HARTHAN, of Clappville, and formerly of Saxonville, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Machinery for Printing Yarns for the Manufacture of what is usually termed Tapestry or Velvet Pile Carpeting and I do hereby de- Clare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and accompanying drawings, letters, figures, and references thereof.

Of said drawings, Figure l, denotes a top View of my improved machinery. Fig. 2 is a front elevation. Fig. 3 an end view. Fig. l a transverse and vertical section taken t-hrough the driving shaft. Fig. 5 is a central longitudial and vertical section, taken so as to exhibit the front portions of the machine.

Such other figures as may be necessary to fully exhibit the operative parts to be described, will be hereinafter -duly specified and explained.

The peculiar process for which my imfV proved mechanism is intended is described in a printed work published in 1844, and termed the Art ofweaving by Hand and by Power, by Clinton G. Gilroy,the said process being known as the invention of Richard Whytock of Edinburgh, Scotland, the description of which is to be found between pages 215 and 240, of said work.

In the drawings of my improved mechanism A and B represent two cylinders or drums, arranged at some distance apart, and with their axes in one straight line. They are fixed to, and supported by one long shaft C,which is sustained b four standards D, E, F, G, which are isposed with respect to one another and project vertically from a bed frame H as seen in the drawings. The shaft is more properly sustained by, and revolved in boxes I, I, applied to the tops of the two middle standards E, F. At each of its ends, it is made to simply rest on one of the outer standards D, or G, each of which is divided into two parts a, I), which are hinged together in such manner as to render the upper one capable of being turned downward, into the position denoted by the dotted lines in Fig. 2. By means of the aforedescribed mode of arranging, and sustainng two cylinders the one is made to balance the other, and thus I am enabled to do away with the tackle pulley and rope such as are applied in an oblique direction, between the arms of t-he cylinder and hung from a support at the ceiling of the room, and used in Vhytocks machine. On turning down either of the parts a of the standards D, Gr, the yarn may be readily doffed from the adjacent cylinder.

The machinery which operates or revolves the cylinders or drums is situated between them, while that which applies paint, dyeing or printing matter to the warps is placed and operates directly underneath them. i

K, Figs. l and 4 is the main shaft. It has a driving pulley L placed on one end of it, and made to revolve freely on it. The said pulley` is connected with a clutch M, whose arms extend through it, and when the clutch is moved up to the pulley, engage with a cross bar N, fixed upon the end of the shaft, and lock the pulley to the shaft, so that the motion of the pulley, when revolving may be communicated to the shaft. The said main shaft. has a toothed pinion Q fixed to its inner end, the said pinion being made to operate, in conjunction with a series or rack of pins R projecting at equal distances apart from a horizontal bar S. Around said pins a continuous and endless groove T is made in the bar S, as seen in Fig. 5, the end of the main shaft being in serted and made to travel in said groove. The shaft is made to rock near its opposite end on a pin or bearing O, and is sustained and guided (so that its inner end may rise and fall), by a suitable standard P. The shaft being` made to revolve always in one direction will so operate on the rack of teeth or pins R, as to impart a reciprocating rectilinear motion to the bar S, to which the carriages U, V, which support the printing reservoirs and rollers, are attached. The said carriages are supported and move on two parallel rails W, X, which extend underneath the cylinders or drums A, B, as seen in the drawings.

Y, Z, are the color boxes or reservoirs, each of which rests on four or any suitable number of springs c, c, by which it is pressed toward the cylinder over it so as to keep the printing roller l or e rof the box, in Contact with the warps wound on the cylinder. A

top view of one of t-he printing rollers-and its reservoir-and sustaining carriage is represented by Fig. 6. Each printing roller side of the shaft, and between two studs or,

pins, 71 z', which project from a plate, or cross piece 7c, fixed in the inner end of the shaft of a vertical pulley Z, which is supported by suitable standards 0, y), projecting up from the carriage of the color box. The said pulley has two guide pulleys m, n, ar-

ranged on opposite sides of it, or with respect to it, as seen in Figs. 2 and 6. A cord or band g whose ends are fastened respectively to the standards D, G passes over the two pulleys Z, Z, and under the guide pulleys m, n, m, n, as seen in Fig. 2.

The two printing rollers and their carby the bar S, and the rack of pins R, should be of such lengt-h as tocause the printing rollers after each passage across the surfaces of the two cylinders or Warp thread thereon to pass a short distance beyond or by the adjacent ends of their respective cylinders, in order that the two printing rollers may be made to continue their revolving motion to an extent suflicient to cover their entire edges with the printing material before they are again brought into action upon the warp thread of the cylinders. Each of the pulleys Z, Z, should have a diameter equal to that of the printing roller with which it is connected. The object of the pulleys Z, Z, and cord or band g is to revolve the printing rollers after they pass by or beyond the ends of their respective cylinders, and by so doing cause their entire peripheries to be covered with the dying matter. Vhile the rollers are passing in contact with the cylinders or warp thereof, they simply roll against them and impart the coloring matter to them. The threads are wound upon the cylinders in the following manner.

T, S are two carriages supported by and made to slide between two horizontal and parallel rails t, u, which are sustained in position by posts o, o, o. The two carriages are connected together by a rod w, which extends froin one to the other of them. Each carriage has a yarn guide m affixed to it, and projecting upward from it, and toward the external surface of the adjacent cylinder A or B. A long screw g/ is disposed over one of the carriages, and so as to revolve in bearings a, z. Said screw has a grooved pulley a fixed on it, near one of its bearings. Around said` pulley and another pulley b fixed on the shaft C, an endless band passes, and by means of the pulleys communicates a rotary motion to the screw.

A pair of opening screw jaws cZ, e

, are

riages, between their supporting rails, and in a mode proper to cause a regular laying of veach thread of t-he warp or yarn, in a-helix on the external curved surface of the cylinder to which its end may be attached, when :the two cylinders are put in revolution:

which is accomplished by a belt, from a suityable driving drum, being made to pass around and act'upon a pulley f fixed on the shaft C.

The next portion of the machinery to be Idescribed is that which imparts to the two 4cylinders A, B, a regular rotary movement vafter each passage of the printing rollers lacross them, and permits them to remain at rest while the said printing rollers, are in action on the warps on the cylinders. riages are moved simultaneously with and g Figs. l, 2, 4, is a large wheel fixed on seen in the drawings. The arc extending ffrom center to center of any two adjacent holes, should contain the same measure or @same number of degrees as the are of any stripe or color, laid on the surface of the warp yarn, at any one motion of one of the :printing rollers, across one of the cylinders. yEach of the ratchet teeth h should be of a length to correspond with the length of said 'arc measured on the periphery of the wheel, gthere being the same number of ratchet teeth as holes through the rim. Each hole `has a designating number engraved against it, and on the surface or circumference of `the wheel. Vpawl /c shaped as seen in the drawings, has `one end resting in contact with the row of ratchet teeth, and the other jointed to an A heavy or weighted pulling Itwo struts a', wf, fastened respectively to the standards E, F

Another arm o extends from the shaft m, and is connected with a lever p by an inclined rod g jointed to both. The' lever p, turns verticallyon a Vfulcrum at r at one end of it, and at its opposite end, it passes through a vertical slot, made through a guide-plate s', and

rests in the opening t, of a forked piece of metal u, see Fig. 7, which denotes a rear elevation of the said forked piece u, the

parts below it, with which it is connected,

and also the plate s. The lower end of the forked piece u is ointed to, the middle'p'art of a horizontal slide bar fu', which issup-v ported by, and so as to slide back and' forth in bearings w', w. Each of the' carriages U, V, has a horizontal plate of metal con# nected with it, and extending between the rails or timbers on which the carriage rests. Now during the movement of the bar S, either in one direction or the opposite it will carry the inner edge of one of the plates fv, against that end of the slide bar o which is next to it, and will by pressure on the bar cause it to slide longitudinally through its bearings, and so as to elevate the forked piece u (which previous to the movement of the bar, was in an inclined position) into a vertical posit-ion, during a .part of its movement, and allow it to fall over into an opposite inclined position. The elevation of the forked piece u, will create a lifting upward of the lever p, and of course-the rod y', and arm 0, of the shaft m, and so as to partially rotate said shaft suflicient to move the pawl 7c', on the ratchet teeth ZL', and throw it into gear with another or the next succeeding tooth. A weight y is hung on the lever p', and should be sutlicient to depress the lever, while the forked piece u', is falling back and cause the pawl to drag on the ratchet tooth against which it rests, and partially rotate the wheel g and t-he two cylinders, and to the extent required to bring the color wheels to act entirely on a fresh surface of warps. The shaft m has another arm z, extended from it, directly over the line of holes of the wheel g', and in other respects as seen in the drawings. Said arm has a small stud or pin a2 extending from it, as seen in Fig. 8, which denotes a vertical section of the arm, and its pin, as well as a portion of the wheel g, beneath it.

The pin or stud is made to enter any one of the holes of the periphery of the wheel. `When the pawl 7c is moved over a tooth of the wheel g the movement of the shaft m will elevate t-he arm a so as to draw its stud out of one of the holes i. The reverse motion of the pawl, brings the succeeding hole under the stud, which as soon as the wheel has moved far enough, enters the said hole, and confines the wheel and cylinders in a stationary position, during the time a succeeding stripe of color is laid on each of the warps, on said cylinders.

vWe will now suppose that it is desirable to cause the printing rollers to pass back and forth and roll against the warps on the cylinders any given number of times and directly on completion of the same to have the machine stop its motions. This is effected by the following mechanism acting as hereinafter described.

Directly in front of the wheel g and range of the holes z" a vertical rod b2 having a broad head 02, is arranged, and supported by bearings or projections (Z2, (Z2 from a standard e2. The said rod is made to slide freely up or down through said bearings, and has a helical spring f2 coiled around it,

and made to rest on the lower bearing Z2 and to act against an arm g2, projecting from the rod Z22, as seen in Fig. 9, which denotes a View of the inner side of the rod and the standard e2. The said arm g2 acts in conjunction with a long bent rod h2, which slides freely through the standard e2 and is pressed forward or toward the standard by a spring Z2, one end of which rests against a shoulder 7a2 formed on the rod, while the other end acts against the bent part Z2 of a bar m2, which projects from the top of the standard e2 and has the rod h2 passing and moving freely thro-ugh its bent end Z2. The rear end of the rod k2, is jointed or connected to a shifting fork ma of the clutch M, before mentioned. A notch or shoulder a2, is made in the underside of the rod h2, and in such position thereon, that when said rod is forced back, so as to clutch the driving pulley to the main shaft it (the shoulder n2) will bear against the arm g2. This being the case if pressure is put on the rod b2 so as to depress it and the arm g2 the said arm may be made to pass below the shoulder and so liberate the rod h2 as to permit the spring Z2 to press it forward, and by so doing draw the clutch forward, in a manner suiiicient to unclutch the driving pulley and main shaft, which being effected the machinery will cease to operate.

By inserting a pin p2 in any one of the holes of the range z" as seen in the drawing, said pin when moved into contact with the top of the rod 52, will depress said rod and by so doing, will arrest the motions of the machinery.

The neat portion of my machine to be described, is that by which certain portions of each cylinder are made to fall inward or toward the cylinder' shaft, in order to'enable a person to readily remove the coils of yarn, from the cylinder, after the printing process has been completed. My improvement is not confined to the making of said cylinders with such falling or movable por-- tions, or parts of its external case, as such are used in the machine of Whytock hereinbefore alluded to, but that which constitutes my improvement is the peculiar manner in which the mechanism I use, for depressing said portions, is constructed, and arranged, so as to fold up in a direction transversely of the axis of the cylinder, instead of folding down in a line parallel, with the said axis, or slightly inclined thereto as does the folding machinery of said lVliytocks machine, my improvement enabling me to derive some important advantages in the use of my machine.

In Fig. 3, Q2 and r2 exhibit the two parts of the circumference of the cylinder which are hinged to the rest, and made to turn down into the positions denoted by the dotted lines. For this purpose one of the arms s2, of each set of arms, s2, 82, s2, &c which radiate from the shaft 'C (there being two or any greater number of sets of arms to each cylinder) and serve to support the rim of the cylinder, is made in two parts t2, u2, which are jointed together at @2. The part u2 is jointed at its lower end to the hub wz of the set of arms, while the upper end of the other part t2, is jointed to one of the folding parts of the rim, or to the leaf x2 of the hinge thereof. The several joints should be made so as to admit of the parts t2, u2, folding together in a direction or plane, perpendicular to the axis of the shaft C. In my machine the folding arms of each cylinder are attached at their lower ends to a shaft j/2 which is sustained in boxes z2, z2, and has a crank a3 affixed on its outer end. By turning said crank down, the two boards or folding parts of the cylinder will be made to fall in toward the shaft C. The manner in which the folding arms operate enables me to use more than two sets of arms to each cylinder, and thus I am enabled to use much larger cylinders thanvcan be conveniently used, when the folding apparatus used in lVhytocks machine is employed. Besides I gain other very important advantages not necessary to be mentioned, but which will be apparent to any person, who is acquainted with the use of such machinery. lVhen the folding parts ft2, u2, are brought into straight line with each other, they are kept so by a rod b3, which is jointed to one of the arms S2, and made to hook into a hole made through either of the parts t2, u2.

Having thus specified my improved machine, that which I-claim is as follows:

l. I claim the combination of two working cylinders or drums, and one set of rotating and supporting machinery as arranged between them, and operating substantially as above described.

2. I also claim the manner in which I arrange the printing wheels, and machinery, with respect 4to the working cylinders, viz, the placing them directly underneath the cylinders, and so that the wheels shall stand in, or nearly in a vert-ical plane or so thatthe printing matter may not. gather more on or toward one edge of the printing wheel, than it does on the other, as it is liable to byy the force of gravity, when the wheel is inclined to the horizon, or made to run in a horizontal plane as heretofore.

3. I also claim the pulley Z, and band g, applied to each printing wheel as set forth, in combination with the mechanism by which said paint wheel is made to pass some distance beyond the end of the cylinder every time it is rolled in contact With it, the same being for the purpose of covering the entire surface of the printing wheel with the coloring matter of its reservoir, before it is again broughtinto action on the warp yarns of the cylinder.

4. I also claim the index wheel or series of holes z" and pin p2 in combination with the stop motion, the same being used in manner gnd for the purpose substantially as speci- 5. I also claim the arm 2 and stud a? in their combination with the range of holes z", and machinery for rotating the cylinders, and allowing them to rest at certain intervals of time the said arm and stud being for the purpose of holding the cylinders perfectly stationary, and still while the printing wheels are passing vacross them.

6. I do not claim making each of ,the cylinders, with falling or folding portions g2, r2, but that which I do claim is the construction and arrangement of the arms, which support the folding parts, in such manner, that they shall fold together in directions at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, instead of folding down, parallel or inclined to the said axis, as in the machine of Whytock to which I have heretofore alluded the said improvement enabling me to obtain several decided advantages in the use of the mechanism.

In testimony whereof I have hereto set my signature this tenth day of May A. D. 1847. I

ANDREW HARTMAN. lVtnesses H. G. HENsHAw, A. WooDARD. 

